Advanced Economics: This book is about economics and we start by acknowledging Egypt as the land in which the study of economics began. Click here.

 This  book is about economics and we start by acknowledging Egypt as the land in which the study of economics began.   There was a process of storing produce in granaries by officials  and then redistribution. According to one source;

The workforce – whether a royal administrator or a manual labourer dragging stone at the construction site – provided services to the crown. In turn, the crown reciprocated the labour by redistributing food and other commodities to the work-leaders, who themselves circulated it further down the social ladder. But it was only the people higher up in the hierarchies that could also be rewarded with a state-sponsored mortuary cult next to the king’s tomb. 

See-https://theconversation.com/how-the-ancient-egyptian-economy-laid-the-groundwork-for-building-the-pyramids-107026

We see evidence of this in the bible and the story of Joseph. It is evidence of the beginning of our great civilization.    We might call this redistribution of produce(or redistribution of sales tax) a participatory remuneration or an income support or “basic income”  since, without such redistribution, the country, nation or the civilization itself,  might die off with its people. We live in an economy as seen in our generation where the culture enjoys sports where the participants demonstrate more human cooperation, intelligence and positivity than the economy ; itself. This is not just the Jamaican economy but other economies around the world also demonstrate this self negation. The Russian, French, Scandinavian, German and Asian economies demonstrate the expected, requisite human cooperation. The English have a rather successful economy. The Monarch is the Head of State of Canada that is a territory under the UK like Northern Ireland pursuant to the BNA ACT 1867. But, let us begin with a discussion of man and his nature as an introduction to economics since some economies are dying off today for failing to follow this simple pattern.  As taught by the word, as it was in the beginning, so shall it be in the end.  

Concept of Human Nature according to God and John Locke: an Examination

As the writer I accept and confirm my belief that the word of God as true and complete while Biblical scholars are updating the biblical record's history every day and we trust our faith and the word is not offended by their valuable research. In  the attempt to define the attributes of man, his needs, and his capacities, the concept of human nature is an intrinsic part of political discussion. Over the centuries, various concepts of human nature have evolved along with the development of political theory. In this discipline, the concept of human nature provides the hub around which a theory revolves. It provides the theory with its basis as well as a presupposition or premise to the political theory's conclusion.``  Moreover, a concept of human nature helps us to define the way one sees oneself and the world in which one lives. As well, the concept of human nature in political theory is an essential part of the construction of thought regarding the political environment and the limits of action within that environment. It is through the use of the concept of human nature that we develop our paradigms.

Furthermore, by answering the question "what is man's nature?", one can proceed to answer the question "what is required to fulfill the needs of men and to secure a better existence?"iii Politically, this demonstrates the utility of the concept of human nature.

When constructing a concept of man's nature, political theorists provide some moral justification for their postulates. The purpose is to provide the theory with a substance, appealing to the conscience of men. Similar to other theorists, John Locke gives his concept of human nature moral justification by alluding to and making explicit reference to the commands of the Judeo-Christian God. For example, Locke tells us that men are "all the workmanship of one omnipotent, and infinitely wise maker; all the servants of one sovereign God."(p. 9) and are therefore equal. While Locke attributes the source of his theories or concept of human nature to a moral Judeo-Christian God for the purposes of moral justification, it is questionable as to whether or not his theories or concept of human nature is in agreement, partially or completely, with the word of God as outlined in the Bible.  The purpose of this essay is to investigate a God-given concept of human nature while contending that Locke's inferences about the commands of God regarding the state of nature and man's nature within that state are contrary to what is outlined in the bible. In this essay the term "human nature" and "state of nature" are used almost interchangeably.iv

Biblical Outline of the state of Nature

In the book of Genesis, the biblical creation narrative is found. It is here that one must begin the search for a biblical concept of human nature or of man within his original and natural state.

In the first book, God creates man in his own image (Gen. 1:26-27). Because of this, it is necessary to observe some of the attributes of God to obtain some insight into the attributes of man. An example of some Godly attributes are holiness, purity, completeness and magnanimity.  It follows that man was made in the image of these Godly traits. As well, God is spirit and therefore man had a likeness of God's spirit within him. In essence, God is perfect and therefore man, in his original state, was a resemblance of God's perfection. In Psalm 8.5 it says, God made man "...only a little lower than the angels, and placed a crown of glory and honour upon his head." More simply, God is good and man, in his original state, was an image of this goodness(Gen. 1:31 King James version). As much as God has made us, we have also made ourselves in exploiting different dna to create a perfect manual laborer with monkey dna and possibly in pursuit of other curious goals in the improvement of the genome's cardiovascular health. with this monkey dna, maybe there is a pathological murderous hatred for property ownership where you just want to "...have."

God not only created man but also the earth. From the beginning, a special relationship existed between man and nature. In the bible, it tells us that man lived in the garden with all the plants and the animals. Above all creation, man held a special place (Gen. 1:27-28, Psalm 8:6).  He was commanded by God to populate the Earth and to subdue it. Yet "subdue" did not mean to destroy or to control with force but for the offspring of Adam to prevail over the Earth in great numbers. Within nature, God also provided for all of man's needs. God said to man "I have provided all kinds of grains and all kinds of fruit for you to eat;" Gen 1:29 There was no need for man to farm or to work. He stood within nature, moving about God's creation. He was in charge of the animals as authorized by God yet he did not use any means of force to maintain control. Man lived in harmony with the animals as they did not run from man nor did he run from them. God also commanded men to cultivate and to guard the garden of Eden;(Gen.2:15) He was its gardener and was to tend and to care for it.

To explain further;

Man's "dominion," of course, is as God's steward, not as one that is given license to "destroy the earth"(Rev. 11:18). "The Earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein"(Ps. 24:1). Nevertheless, although God retains ownership, man has been placed in charge of the Earth and all its systems, living and non-living.v

In his natural state, man was not an irrational being. Unlike the animals, God gave man the capacity to reason and to make choices. As man was made in God's image and God is a rational being, rationality is also a part of man's nature. By the very nature of the command to cultivate and guard the garden, God gave man the ability of mindvi. He would not have given man any commands if man was a mindless ("robotic") being incapable of following or disobeying. Moreover, it is within the garden of Eden, and within his original natural state of being, that man exercises his ability to make choices.

"Come now let us reason together, saith the Lord:,"(Isaiah 1:18)

After God made all of the animals, He brought them to Adam to see what he would name them. God Honoured Adam's choices as the names of the animals remained unchanged. Adam also named Eve, calling her a woman. Afterwards, he explained the reason for the name, saying "woman is her name because she was taken out of man."(Gen.2:23)

Later, Genesis 3: 2,3 depicts man's choice to eat of the fruit of knowledge of Good and Evil. Verse 6, Chapter 3(living Bible) says that Eve was "convinced" to eat of the fruit. The word "convinced" indicates that Eve had reached a conclusion through her faculty of reason. Although she knew that she was not to eat of the fruit, she was tempted with the choice of doing so. Verse 6 goes on to say that Eve saw how lonely and fresh the fruit was and that she believed the devil's promise that it would make her wise. Gen 3:13 depicts God's confrontation with Eve over the act of disobedience. The Lord said "How could you do such a thing?"

"The serpent tricked me" she replied. More simply, the serpent tricked her sense of reason through temptation and as a result, while exercising her ability to make choices, Eve ended up making the wrong choice ultimately.  As Adam and Eve ate of the fruit, man committed the first sin. Defined as a transgression of the command or will of God, It follows that sin is doing something which is contrary to God's nature. As man was made within the nature of God and was an expression of his goodness, the act of disobedience resulted in Man being cursed to stand outside of God's nature.

While God had provided for all of Man's needs within the garden, (the fruit of the trees, the natural grains, the water of the river), man was forced to provide for his own needs outside of it (Gen.3:23).  God cursed the earth so that man would have to struggle to extract a living from it with sweat and toil until his dying days (Gen.3:17-19).  Before this, man did not die. Death was contrary to God's intentions. In the book of the Wisdom of Solomon, it tells us that God did not invent death; that when living creatures die, it gives him no pleasure. It says that he created everything so that it might continue to exist. (Wis.1:12-14)

Soon after, the affects of sin became apparent. Cain killed his brother Abel out of envy. Before Adam's disobedience, there were no sentiments of this sort within the world. The first act of disobedience resulted in the rupture of fellowship and harmony with God, nature, and man. All of this was diametrically opposed to God's will and intentions. Nevertheless, this is not to say that reason and making choices is sinful but that man made the wrong choice due to the utilization of twisted reason; twisted by the Serpent's tempting. The result was that man's, once obedient, Godly, good, nature had changed becoming disobedient, ungodly, and carnal. He had lost his original nature, acquiring a sinful nature. He was no longer empowered by God's spirit but was fleshly.

As time passed, God provided man with the ten commandments which, if followed, would prevent men from hurting one another. Primarily, the three main points of emphases behind the commands were to love God, love your neighbour as you love yourself and to do unto others as you would have them do unto you (John 13:34, Luke 6: 30). As love with and for ones fellow man was lost through sin, the commandments were a guide for men to follow throughout life.

In overview, man's original nature or state of nature was Godly, pleasing to his creator, and was considered good.  All of creation was under his charge as he fulfilled his role as a steward.  He was commanded to prevail over the earth by being fruitful and multiplying. He was also to care for it and not to destroy it. He shared the garden with the animals and with Eve(his mate) and provided all with their names. Moreover, man was at peace with God and stood rightly before him, unified and harmonious with the creator and creation.  As well, God gave man mind, providing man with the ability to reason and to make choices; both wrong and right apparently. He had made man sufficient to stand yet free to fall.

Upon making a wrong choice, man acted contrary to his God-given nature which was to maintain relationship and connection to God and was forced to leave the garden. Forever more, man's nature was altered, becoming sinful. Therefore man, in a state of nature, given by God, is not his present nature. His true nature is the one which he possessed before he disobeyed God's command. The result of Adam's disobedience was the acquisition of the knowledge of good and evil. At this point, man stood outside of the garden, outside of nature, and was unnatural. All enmity, evil, and strife entered the world resulting in discord with God, the rest of creation and fellow man. This prompted God to provide man with the Ten commandments so they may live a life in accordance with His will. In Ecclesiastes 7:39 it is written, "God made us plain and simple, but we have made ourselves very complicated."

John Locke provides us with a different picture of what man was like in a state of nature given to men by God. In this state, Locke speaks of men having possessions. He tells us that the earth had been given to mankind in common.(p. 18) To support this, he makes reference to Psalm 115:16 which says "The Heavens even the heavens are the Lord's: but the earth hath he given to the children of men." Yet, he endeavours to demonstrate how men came to own property out of what was in common. He argues that every man has property within himself and the labour of his body. Therefore, if man mixed his labour with anything that was left in the common state, it became the product of his work, making it his property. It is labour which makes the distinction between what is in common and what is in private. No consent of any other man was necessary. It was a right given to men by God.

 At the same time, there were limits to how much a man could appropriate for his own use. He could not appropriate more than he could use. God did not allow men to spoil or destroy.(p. 20)

Further in his argument, he infers that God gave the world to men for their greater benefit and did not intend for the world to remain in common and uncultivated. As a result, Locke argues that it was given primarily to the " industrious and rational...not to the fancy or covetousness of the quarrelsome and contentious" who would leave it to waste.

Moreover he contends that God's commandment to subdue the earth instructed man to "improve it for the benefit of life."(p. 21) To do this, Locke argued man was required to labour. Adding to this further, he writes that God commanded, and (man's) wants forced him to labour; that was his property which could not be taken from him wherever he had fixed it.(p.22)

From this, he concluded that subduing, cultivating, and having dominion over the earth were one and the same, and that God's commandment to subdue authorized man to appropriate property. Through these arguments, Locke justified the acquisition of property within the state of nature.

It was in this natural state that men enjoyed perfect freedom, ordered their actions, disposed of their possessions and persons, as they thought fit within the bounds of the law of nature.(p.xiii) This law of Nature is defined as "that which forbids anyone harming another or destroying himself, and requires each to try when his own preservation comes not in competition" to preserve the rest of mankind."(p.xiii) Further, he says that all of mankind was under the obligation of this law and that it was synonymous to reason. Within this state of nature governed by natural law, there existed liberty, equality, and independence. Yet, Locke also tells us that there would be those who would transgress the law of nature, declaring themselves "to live by another rule than that of reason and common equity, which is that measure God has set to the actions of men, for their mutual security." Such transgressions would result in the state of nature regressing into a state of war. Yet, it was within the state of nature that all of this occurred.

Having looked at the concept of human nature according to the word of God and the one proposed by Locke where an effort was made by Locke to justify his theory with biblical references, it is clear that the two concepts disagree. The first area of discrepancy is the way in which the state of nature is defined. Locke defines it as the state in which men live together according to reason, "...without a common superior on earth, with authority to judge between them."(p. 15) Differing from this, a biblical definition would assert that the state of nature is one in which men lived in obeyance to the will of God. In other words, it was a state void of sin. In all of Locke's theory there is no mention of the original sin. In many cases, Locke makes reference to Adam but apparently ignores the event. As a result, he ignores the fact that Adam's nature had changed from its original Godly state into a sinful one. Because of this, Locke interprets the commands which God gave to Adam incorrectly. As outlined earlier, the command to "subdue" the earth is found in the same verse where God commands Adam to fill the earth with his progeny.(Gen. 1:7) Therefore, when read in context "subdue" did not mean to labour and to acquire property but to dominate the earth in great numbers. Moreover, God explicitly tells Adam that all of his needs are provided for within the garden.(Gen.1:29) Work was not necessary. Because of this, it is apparent that the command to cultivate the garden was not a command to labour for one's needs or for possessions but to "dress and to keep" the garden as would a gardener(Gen.2:15).

As a result, it is evident that Locke interprets these commands with out making reference to man's original state, God and man's relationship with man, and God's provisions for mankind. In fact, Locke's theory on the state of nature is more congruent with what the bible tells us about man in his sin nature.

Labour was a part of man's curse. As well, there was no concept of property before sin. A man would only say "mine" when he was in fear or concern of someone taking away what was in his possession (By possession, I do not mean something that one owned but something that one had taken up to provide for his needs; for example, a seed or an apple to eat. Man had no consciousness or knowledge of the concept "mine" because there was no threat of someone taking the seed or the apple away). In man's obedient nature, there was no sin, therefore there was no fear of being attacked or robbed by an adversary. It was only when sin entered the world that the fear of being attacked or murdered became a reality. Such acts occurred in Locke's concept of the state of nature yet according to the biblical text such acts could have only occurred when man was outside of his nature state and within his unnatural sin nature.

To Locke, this state was governed by the law of reason. Apparently, he assumes that reason was always right and that man had to simply live by the reasoning of his mind. When man transgressed the rights of another, Locke argued that they were living contrary to reason and deserved to be punished. This is not defined as sin but as a transgression of the law of reason which God gave to all men. This transgression was committed not against God but against another man. Therefore it was not God who punished but man. He says that God gave man the right to punish but nevertheless God is still somewhat removed from the picture. While Locke tells us that reason and common equity were given to men for their mutual security, the bible shows us that God gave man the Ten commandments. Although reason is God given ability, it was not always right. Reason could be tricked or could lead one to do the wrong thing. As a result, it would be beneficial for men to trust God again and to live by the commandments of God than the dictates of man's fallible reason.

From our analysis of Locke's theories and his attempt to justify his postulates morally with the word of God, it is apparent that Locke had no intention of agreeing with God's word and simply used it to provide a cloak of righteousness around his worldly, self-serving arguments.

As it was mentioned earlier in this paper, one of the key purposes of the concept of human nature or of man within his natural state is to answer the question "what is man's nature?" so that one can proceed to answer the question " what is required to fulfill the needs of men?"

As Locke tells us that man in a state of nature lived by right reason and sought to provide for his own needs as well as the needs of others, man was thereby moral. Yet, in his essay on Human Understanding, Locke says that man was also motivated by his appetites which were mainly a desire for happiness and an aversion to misery (Book 1, ch.3, sect. 3). Due to their pervasiveness, these appetites would lead men to contradict the law of reason and lead him into a state of war with others. Because of this, men were constantly exposed to the potentiality of invasion of their property and persons by others, leaving them unsafe, insecure, and anxious for his life.(p. 16, P. 65) Based on this concept of Human Nature, Locke concluded that the answer to man's needs for safety and security would be to step out of the state of nature and into society or government where man's appetites could be checked by the necessary rewards, punishments, minimum rules of morality, and positive laws.

In great contrast to this, the word of God tells us that man in his natural state was Godly, free from sin, in harmony with hiuuuuus creator and with creation, secure, in no need of labour or property, God dependent, and free from all fears. Having lost this through disobedience, he stepped out of his natural state, was forced to labour, fell out of harmonious fellowship with the creator and creation, acquired the capacity to hate, envy, and murder relentlessly (stepping into a Lockeian concept of the state of nature). Since the Ten Commandments provided only a temporary solution to the problem, based on the biblical concept of man's essential Godly nature, what men required to fulfill their needs was the reconciliation of their relationship with God. God eventually provided for this reconciliation through Jesus Christ.

Exemplifying this through his words, Christ called men to come unto Him so that he could give them rest, that in Him, they would find rest for their souls, while receiving only the light burdens of Christ (ie. Obedience to God, Matt 11:28).  Man, in his natural state, was not required to labour but only to depend upon God. Therefore, it is appropriate that Christ offered rest in return for obedience. As well, he also taught that...whosoever will save his own life shall lose it and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it.

For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul (Matt. 16:25,26).

In this verse, it demonstrates that man's needs would not be met by his attempt to satisfy his own needs independent of God but that losing oneself to Him by placing all of one's life in his hands was the answer to man's ultimate needs. Answering the need for the restoration of harmony between men and God, Jesus gave men the greatest commandment;

Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy Heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself; (that within) these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets (Matt 22:37-40).

Therefore God Himself, through Christ, was the answer to the needs of men as dictated by man's nature in his natural state according to the word of God.

In conclusion, the purpose of this essay was not to argue for the existence of God but to suppose that He existed while investigating what the bible had to say about man in a state of nature. That being said, Hebrews 11:6 is evident in that it says he who comes to God must believe that God is, and that He is a rewarder of them that diligently seek Him.  The intention of this essay, therefore, was to demonstrate that Locke's conception of man in a state of nature was contrary to what is outlined in the creation narrative in Genesis and to the rest of scripture. Having investigated this, it results that even though Locke uses the word of God in his arguments, he uses it incorrectly so that in the final analysis, Locke's theory conflicts greatly with the word of and the intentions of God. Because of this, the two concepts (that of God's word and Locke's) provide different answers to the needs of men as defined by the respective concepts of the state of nature. Locke proposes man-made government while the word of God proposes God's government manifested in the kingdom of Heaven through Jesus Christ: Therefore take no thought, saying what shall we eat? or what shall we drink? or, wherewithal shall we be clothed?... But seek ye first the Kingdom of God, and His righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you (Matt.6: 31,33, Ecclesiastes 5).

It is unfortunate for Locke, but man's reason is not perfect. It is fallible. Locke does not seem to acknowledge this. Hence, many of our world systems are inherently set on a crash course for collapse and have come to threaten man's very existence. It only took three hundred years from the time of Locke's first publishing where we must ask ourselves, how have we come to the brink of man's existence in terms of environmental failure or nuclear holocaust so rationally or is it irrationally? Our reason must be God dependent; not independent of God or presumptively right because it is called reason nor should it be worshiped as such. 

Over very powerlessness and the fragility of our egos leads us to seek power in this brief life and to seek control; sometimes at the cost of selling and pledging our very souls ( Salome's mother (Mark 6:14-29), Hitler)).  But, God is power. God is in control.  

Joe Brigand will be leaving tomorrow. GI Joe will come to save us from this childish, selfish behaviour and convolution in the US economy and its third world style debt dependency.  GI Joe will save us! He will save us. Joe Brigand will go to the bathroom and read the Bible. Then, he will walk out as GI Joe. Those who fail to acknowledge the Father and the Son are Antichrist. The IQ in America on average is too low for America to manage itself in doing anything more than to just Eat, Drink and be merry at $95,000.00 per year per citizen as income support. You have your Chocolate and your oats, potato chips and corn chips with the Jello puddings and your corn cereal brands, your Nikes, your clothing brands, your soft drinks and beers for hegemony globally; an enviable achievement and relatively efficient in production as seen all over the world. Maybe the food makes people autistic though with a smigeon of John Adams dna in the food. Is that why it took soo long for Robert and Obalama to solve the economy miraculously with an income support in 2015 as it dawned on them after an article on participatory remuneration or a ted talk video as to why he has had an income support since 27 in Illinois? He was President then with Joe Brigand; his father. We will have to see since America is a beautiful country geographically but the beautiful country needs to focus on funding,enjoying and beautifying its own people. Leave vehicles and propulsion alone and to those who provided you the notion of motorised transportation; the Germans and the other Europeans. It was not a North American. The Japanese now build awesome machines also; and the Chinese and they will help you to build your future hydrogen fuel cell powered Cadillacs and awesome Ford products. A battery rechargable is not, in any way, more exciting than a fuel injected or carbureted vehicle but it is heavier with all the batteries and less reliable and less convenient. The fuel cell is essentially an electric vehicle that is powered by hydrogen to achieve the electric regeneration with ultimate reliability and convenience. Think of its operation as similar to a gas powered gulf cart or fork lift with a 1000 mile range and 400-500 mph average capability. Who is the fool who follows people who put electric rechargeables over the fuel cell? Watch “Saints And Soldiers; The Void.” We have been engineering a media fiction of Americentric hegemony for decades now to satisfy and content a genome that carries both aboriginal dna and the dna of a lost king; Charles 5th mixed with the pretender in that it needs to feel emotionally, hegemonically superior to Europe but you don’t own any factors of production. You don’t have any technological independence or hegemony but you can enjoy your community and your lack of understanding where ignorance is bless and you can enjoy your people with sufficient income support per North American and buy that new German vehicle or that GMoyota or GMyundai SUV. It looks good! You are now closed as an independent nation or nations since you threaten people; especially on issues of ownership. Look at what you have done. Your leaders tolerate mayhem in some double minded ascendency to national self-negation. You call the president who owns property a nutter because he owns and has not realized you are all just the progeny of John Adam’s mob; well dressed aboriginals with some French King dna and with the verbal acuity of a Shakespearean; a chimera to pin down. and maybe this is what the Joker Joe or Joker John is with green hair for jealousy concerning your ownership, purple for royalty and the green eyes of a black hawk native with the schemes and machinations of a pirate orphan. We know the North American Aboriginal dwelt in caves before the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Maybe he was taught to farm after the arrival of the Europeans and how to build. But, otherwise, he loved in caves like the bear so we have a Caveawandan( Tonawandan cave man) along the Niagara escarpment and a caveiquois ( Iroquois Cave man). Surviving the cold of the winters North of the Mason Dixon line is a myth if it was not endured in a cave like the bear’s that hibernate. This is your North American political leadership and the simplicity in the solutions giving rise to communal harmony makes it evident. There is a steep learning curve that remains for the well dressed Neanderthal. The German car manufacturing installations in North America were built to serve American needs for American people in an American market. We need to work with this sands ensure the income support per facilities this agenda. We had GI Joe, Killer Joe and now we have Brigand. We were looking for Economy Joe or GI Joe. 

The issue is evolution and some convoluted resistant dna. Evidently Race is very stupid and wasteful economically, isn’t it? We have an abomination of economic desolation in North America; something unusual that might be the collateral result in what you see when nice Mary Poppins type people from the EU or the UN are forced to interface with the pig headed. The Department of Homeland Security will now ensure the states implement a minimum standard of income support that follows the pattern in the Wisconsin income support policy. If Joe was seeking election in 1984, what would have happened? Would he have been able to have a Joe shindig, stomping on all the votes? With sufficient income support money ideally at no less than $80,000.00 per year, the aboriginal can settle into the culture of contracts, buying and selling as they depart from hunting and gathering, piracy, killings stealing and destroying. North American Aboriginals are not pirates. But, a Black Hawk converted, assimilated to piracy as raised in the West Indies, eating the “Soff”( yam with pirate urine) is a pirate. This is John Adams(Joe); a Black Hawk raised in Haiti. The Crucible (movie) and the Salem Witch trials are all about moral impeachment of the staunch puritan colonial settlers and then occupation by the more pirate kind who say that what does not kill will fatten. Everyone has a bonnet, a pitch fork and bible but not all agree with the same temperament that you should be able to enjoy your labors and your ownership since how could you have any authority in front of a Haitian Black Hawk with some Charles 5th pretender dna in him during the late 17th/ early 18th century who was sent back from Haiti to re occupy America and hold its potential ransom? The Haitian Black Hawk occupiers from Salem who impeached and occupied your ownership as housekeepers, farm hands and the helpers became senators, school teachers and the like(Who don’t seem to want to really own anything but they want to occupy Donald) and they do a good job for the most part but then there is a problem with America missing the mark economically as affecting our mutual dream of reasonable happiness and its not impossible just as a road without potholes is not impossible. The dna seeks a family/an Israel with ownership of property to occupy them as Absalom/Saul Charles 5th Pretender but only to take position as the head of the family but they do not seem to want to have their own family. Ownership is a temperament and it seems some territories (maybe Minnesota and Manitoba) have more cash per citizen but less ownership per capita than Otario. Maybe you should have a fight for that farm you built as an Irish man in Nantucket and the winner takes your wife also since who are you to have a contract of ownership in front of John Adams(Joe)? Can you fight for it? You should not have to and maybe we kill anyone who threatens you in this way. Watch “Turn” as produced by AMC; all seasons. There is a man named Joe and he is equal. Is he killer Joe or GI Joe? He has been brought to the surface as a foreigner just as John Adams was a foreigner to expose what misfeasance as seen in John Adams’ dna lays out the foundation of the American nation and that still threatens the American idea with on-going negation. He has his photos and his pose in the spot light at the pinnacle and no one trusts him. He wanted nothing else while more malls have closed and the simple economic solutions waning in the balance. This is or was his finest hour. I know Obalaama would have solved it if it wasn’t for Joka, putting a gun in his back to let Joe be the savior. Joka is equal. But, he does not have the right to kill us all. He is on Wikipedia as a President and that is all he needs. I just got my ASPCA animal champion t shirt. God is in control. We know that the first human incarnations of good and evil originated in Africa; the Cain and Abel. How do you clear two blocks full of zombies in a downtown area who you have decided to arrest for loitering? You don’t want to be in contact with them for the fear that they have weapons or needles. So, you invite them to get free food, four seasons old jeans and t shirts, and canvass shoes, water and shelter at an old, old military base and you offer a bus to drive them, then process them accordingly. Some will follow and some will not but it diffuses the problem as you give it some time. This is in some part of America maybe and see how kind you have been to the Afghans to prove your humanity. You need to o this at home also. There is no one too far gone; with no way back. Mel in SnowFall came back as a school teacher. Our current reality is the proof of the error of our trajectory; the error of our calculation, the error of our Lockeian philosophy. Locke does not acknowledge sin and nor does Saul; nor does Charles 5th and nor does John Adams or Joe.   Much of the problem has been the refusal to update our methods of machine propulsion with fuel cells to save fuel, cost  and the environment. We may pay just as much per load at the pump per fill up but all the environmental anxiety is resolved; including the issue with rechargeable vehicle batteries that could poison ground water and cultivation land. Much of the problem has been the refusal to update our economies so that they will evolve out of inhumane and wasteful Anglo Neanderthal( affectionately called big foot or Sasquatch), illiterate economies that defy the humanity of the Shakespeare plays and the King James bible. The Anglo economies produce tremendous debt while refusing to increase sales tax and in the move to take on the full shape of an advanced economy. It could be a machine( a former dead Royal) that was shocked about the French revolution and all that talk about bread and tax in the avoidance of a revolt. The French really wanted the English dependent on them. They focussed on Africa in their colonialism and now every French African dependent French economy is a small jewel of Burgundy with good transit, good airports, housing, schools and new indoor malls and out door markets. There was no revolt or French revolution except but in the story books to create a diversion and so that the English would send the French money until bankrupt. The English kept taxes low and bread prices also. How could you maintain a population and provide bread and the income support if you do not collect sufficient sales tax? The idea of the revolution misled the English who started underbilling their territories in the new world while also forgetting about the Income Support that was most essential in maintaining the population, the Economy and quelling any fear of rebellions. Instead, many Anglos were co-opted by the pirates who bought car company assembly floors for a few dollars more to the foreman who let a few vehicles go to the pirates. All the Polish and Italian dna sent to North America after the 1860-65 Civil War that killed many Irish, Scot, Irish, English and French was not enough to subsume the Aboriginal Troglodyte dna. Process and procedure is your culture and weakness when the hunter gatherer just takes what he wants; killing, stealing and destroying to turn might into right. This is Mein Kampf as translated from the hypocrisy of US politics as recorded between 1914-1934 by a German observer and John Adams’ stolen diary. The Polish and the Italian are trying to teach you a process. The pirate troglodyte from the West Indies says he would help the North American Aboriginal resist and learn how to pirate/hunt and gather/ kill, steal and destroy for all of the necessities of life/the Maslow needs. The process of assimilation may have focused on physical appearance more than temperament that can be imparted with food, drink, vitamins and candies or chocolate. All West Indian pirates are aboriginals/troglodytes. Christopher Columbus may have been born in Europe and was not a pirate but an EXPLORER. Nonetheless, he is the authority that the pirate claims. You have your constitutional process and Joka is hunting and gathering a house or two and also the votes in the election. He is seeking hegemony as against the constitution. The constitution is perfect and it can be amended where it falls below new current social need and expectation. There is a separation of powers with checks and balances. There is economic and militaristic oversight that says every citizen must have a UDHR(Article 25) qualifying income support for advanced Economic benefit. This absence in the America Economy has led to cyclical recessions as instigated by every new round of automation where the market sunk just as people were laid off and let go in a new round of human labor obsolescence as replaced by automation robots and machines. The recessions occur just when the working population they relied on for economic activity no longer has any cash to buy and purchase the products and goods. The failure brings into question the legitimacy of the Anglo western model economic and democratic systems that do not serve the Western Hemispheric move toward full advanced economic models. The French in the west, the Scandinavians and the Germans as well as the Italians pass the test as advanced economies. Efficiency in socioeconomics or in fuel technology should not involve a vote or the slow understanding of Black and White Neanderthals but the quick movement of command economies seen in Germany, Egypt and China with decisions made by humans for the greater benefit and common good. It seems the Western Anglo system runs on spite maybe also for the notion of a Caesar in history (President Donald signed an executive order for a Zero sales tax but was the first president in the last 5 administrations to set up any meaningful national income support program while also refusing to pay the debt owed to China so where do you get the money to pay the presidential salary, the soldiers and the income support and the Chinese debt when the sales tax is zero? He could have raised the sales tax to 40% while guaranteeing every citizen no less than $80,000.00 per citizen and he would have been the biggest novice winner in a century. His point in the 0% sales tax executive order was to confirm that this misuse of executive orders involving deregulation and insufficient Federal sales tax as low as 5% is the cause of American National indebtedness. You are just dead and dependent on another economy at 5% as you are at 7% or 0%. The sales tax should never be lower than the interest rate paid on the foreign debt. It is ideally as high as 50%. Everyone pays and participates. There is no particular burden resting on the rich more so than the average citizen. The opportunity to set the rate and policy is over as it is not within your immediate Anthropology or capabilities to set the rate or policy. The problem has been assimilating, evolving resistant dna in the North American anthropology. Essentially, we see two minds involved in decision making, the man working for peace and the man working for his own personal emotional hegemony. Hegemony may not hear or agree easily to submit to win win logic suggested by the man of peace. If the man working for hegemony does not agree, then there is stalemate, stagnancy, maybe civil war. Trump should be getting a Nobel Peace Prize for averting Civil War in letting Joe believe he is the President but being sworn in is essential as a formality. Joe is just the pretender we have been waiting for to see this character again and understand how he destroyed the quiet of the colonies as John Adams. You would not argue with a servant or a dog and allow the dog or servant you now call “American” to destroy you and the world in the argument. He needs to be accepted. The pretender as John Absalom Adams who pretends he is helping in his bid for power and position is not helping but destroying in his childish ways to seek hegemony in every situation even as he resents and resists foolishly the logical submissions of his opponents. We lend him, Absalom, CNEN as a little stage to vent for three years or so and from now on and we will make everything work around him; especially the economy. He even resents their place of residence where if you say let all of America follow Vermont and their income support policy, he resists to get a sense of his own authority when following following his political colleague’s cogency is considered weakness by Joka and submission but at some stage, we have to put competition aside and the colleague’s solution is the right answer. Quantitative easing did not help either. White guilt concerning the latent aboriginal white, black and red condition ends at $30,000.00 per year as the lowest amount of income support provided to any North Americans. If you steal soap or food, you are liable to stand trial for the Criminal misfeasance. It looks like you finally got it right and things are now working. Joka says he is an expert at US political machinations but the Constitution does not seem to exist when it comes to elections during Joe’s feverish election and vote heist. So, he is much worse when he has had nothing to say about the essentials of the economy. Your foreign managers have given you enough rope to hang your economy. The average consumer, full of feces, undigested wheat and water, is also your average passenger on any domestic flight. Who really cares what they do from day to day so long as they buy vehicles, pay rent or mortgages and buy food? This country sells more bibles and produces more horrific socioeconomic fallout dramas in the Western world like Ozark and Fargo than any other country. They sell and read the bible more than any other population on earth but fail to apply the principles of charity, “leaving undone the weightier matters of the law, justice, and mercy, and faith: but these ye ought to have done, and not to have left the other undone.” If, as a nation state, you are found borrowing more than you produce on a prolonged basis, then you fail to be a nation state. The US went bankrupt due to the lunar landing space programs. It’s like paying $4 billion for a three bed house in the suburbs of Maryland or Orlando since you couldn’t build it yourself…but you really want to impress the world so you get a German to build it who, no matter what, is working for German hegemony, over billing you with supplies and essential parts from Germany and Russia.

The failure brings into question the legitimacy of the western model economic and democratic  system. Legitimacy involves compliance to the UDHR Article 25 and to principles of advanced economics that involve a sales tax of no less than 30% that covers the cost of administration involving the military’s growth, police services  and an income support for all citizens that satisfies all the Maslow needs of such citizens.    If you have a more efficient, reliable and powerful means of locomotion why would you not  update engine design accordingly? As of 1977, why wouldn’t you follow your strongest industrial global and domestic  competitor  in the car manufacturing industry (Toyota)  before it was too late?  The Anglo manufacturing establishment impaled themselves on the carburetor in some unusual resistance to any technological change while Benz and BMW as well as Volkswagen in addition to Honda, Datsun(NISSAN) and TOYOTA  pursued  fuel injection.     The fact that American car companies refused to update to fuel injectors and abandon the carburetor as soon as possible after WW2 was devastating to the country financially. It is evidence of an anthropological problem. We do not resist new ways of completing domestic work with the microwave and the dishwasher as examples or instant cake mix is also an example.   The fact that sales tax was not raised to make up for lost national revenue usually collected from wages and union dues is another tremendous issue just as automation took its toll on the urban landscape; and with the increased sales tax, an income support would have been easily payable to all citizens in addition to former  workers certainly at a rate of no more than 3 hours of an average industrial hourly wage of $30.00 per hour just as machines started achieving all forms of industrial labor 24 hours a day and seven days a week, producing  an unlimited supply of finished goods from phones, televisions, dishwashers, shoes and  Ford/GM/ Dodge trucks.        A third treatise is needed which will not be so short sighted and driven by continual killing, stealing and  destruction (1st Timothy) and the fear of not having enough when, with low cost hydrogen, you will have more. Hydrogen is the profit driven motive. Our capacity to realize a new energy paradigm based on hydrogen compatible internal combustion engines or fuel cells is realisable in this generation, freeing us from the doubt and global insecurity engendered by the dependence on fossil fuels (see link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ykl2PH2B-tM&p=448B4793713D9028&playnext=1&index=23). 

Anything short of realising the hydrogen paradigm in the next 10 months is a failure of our collective genius (see link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcsRk_gtO2U&feature=related).  Imagine the cost of airline seats with jets equipped and flying with hydrogen fuel cell powered jet engines (see link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N675mHss_uQ ).  Please see also the Toyota Mirai that is on sale now. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqi60XX9vP8

A war with the aboriginal human ego that is resistant to technological change  may cost trillions of dollars but hydrogen is…virtually free.  We are now spending critical resources and energy to consider the threat of rising water levels to global security and the cost of plastic on the environment.     What is needed is a third treatise which will hold in view the long term existence of all of mankind.

By Warren A. Lyon.  

From Advanced Economics By Warren A. Lyon. This book prologue is based on a 1993 essay written at the University of Western, Ontario.

Mr, Lyon is now a PH. D in economics.